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| Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Al-Shafi‘i
Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfīʿī ((アラビア語:ابو عبدالله محمد بن إدريس الشافعيّ)) is a Muslim jurist, who lived from (767 — 820 CE / 150 — 204 AH). Often referred to as 'Shaykh al-Islām', al-Shāfi‘ī was one of the four great Imams, whose legacy on juridical matters and teaching eventually led to the Shafi'i school of ''fiqh'' (or Madh'hab). He is often referred to as Imam al-Shafi‘i.〔Fadel M. (2008). (The True, the Good and the Reasonable: The Theological and Ethical Roots of Public Reason in Islamic Law ). ''Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence''.〕
==Introduction==
The biography of al-Shāfi‘i is difficult to trace. Dawud al-Zahiri was said to be the first to write such a biography, but the book has been lost.〔Al-Nawawi, Tahdhib al-Asma wal-Lughat, v.1, pg.82〕〔Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Tawalli al-Ta`sis li-Ma'ali Muhammad bin Idris, pg.26〕〔Ibn 'Asakir, History of Damascus〕 The oldest surviving biography goes back to Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi (died 327H/939) and is no more than a collection of anecdotes, some of them fantastic. A biographical sketch written by Zakarīya b. Yahya al-Sājī was later reproduced, but even then, a great deal of legend had already crept into the story of al-Shāfi‘i's life. The first real biography is by Ahmad Bayhaqi (died 458H/1066) and is filled with what a modernist eye would qualify as pious legends. The following is what seems to be a sensible reading, according to a modern reductionist perspective.
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